项目概况
Project overview
Timeabu Kindergarten国际建筑设计竞赛由NGO组织Radefoundation 和 Madanfo共同举办，是一个真实的公益项目，目的是为非洲加纳一个叫蒂梅阿布的小村庄设计一座可以容纳超过100名学生的幼儿园，改善当地孩子只能在大树底下上课的现状。The Timeabu Kindergarten International Architectural DesignCompetition is organized by the NGO organization Radefoundation and Madanfo.It is a real public welfare project.The purpose is to design a kindergarten that can accommodate more than 100students in a small village called Timeabu in Ghana, Africa, and improve thesituation that local children can only have classes under the trees.
加纳位于撒哈拉以南非洲西部，而蒂梅阿布位于加纳第二大城市库马西以东约25公里处，是一个有1000多人口的村庄，人口密度很低，大部分人收入非常低。当地最大的民族是阿散蒂民族，自十三世纪以来就生活在该地区。蒂梅阿布现有一所小学，涵盖了从幼儿园到中学的课程，但没有足够的教室供不同年龄层的学生使用。Ghana islocated in western sub-Saharan Africa, and Timeabu is located about 25kilometers east of Kumasi, the second largest city in Ghana. It is a villagewith a population of more than 1,000. It has low population density and mostpeople have very low incomes. The largest ethnic group in the area is theAshanti ethnic group, which has lived in the area since the 13th century. Thereis an primary school in Timeabu that covers the all the courses fromkindergarten to middle school, but there are not enough classrooms for studentsof different ages.
© 加纳当地建筑Local architectures in Ghana
设计需求
Designrequirement
竞赛要求根据当地的实际情况，在一块约50m×35m的矩形场地内为幼儿园设计三个教室。每个教室必须能够容纳35至40名学生。不同教室间要建立联系，并且每个教室能够独立工作。每个教室应有足够的空间摆放学生的课桌、老师的桌子和黑板。另外，学校还需要一个4-6m2给学生储存书籍和材料的空间。建筑需要运用当地材料和不同的生物构造技术，并使用雨水收集系统生成一个洗手台。设计师必须考虑该地区的纬度和地理条件，因此要将高温和降雨纳入考虑的因素。
The competitionrequires that three classrooms are designed for the kindergarten in a rectangularfield of about 50m×35m, each classroom can accommodate 35-40 students. Everyclassroom should related to each other, each of them can work independtly andall of them should have enough space for students’desks and teachers’ desks and a blackboard. Moreover, eachclassroom needs to include a storage room of about 4-6 square meters. Local materials and different bioconstruction techniquesshould be used, as well as the incorporation of a rainwater collection systemto generate a hand wash station.The latitude andgeographical condition should be considered carefully, since high temperaturesand rainfall will be a condition for the design.
设计理念
Design concept
方案生成
Designgeneration
首先画出了场地范围，置入幼儿园所需要的体量原型后对体量进行了变化从而达到延续幼儿园与现有小学视线通廊的目的。为了满足雨水收集的需求，让雨水通过屋顶中心的圆洞流入建筑内部。最后置入拔风筒加强建筑内部的空气流通。
First drew the scope of the site and variated the volumeafter placing the prototype of the volume required by the kindergarten toachieve the purpose of extending the view between the kindergarten and theexisting primary school. In order to meet the needs of rainwater collection, welet rainwater flow into the building through a circular hole in the center ofthe roof. Finally, a cylinder is placed to enhance the air circulation insidethe building.
场地丨体量
Site丨Voloumn
考虑到现有小学布局，我们选择将幼儿园建筑体量布置在场地北侧，留出尽可能多的场地南侧空间，延续现有小学庭院的视线通廊。它既为幼儿园提供了小型的入口广场兼活动场地，又与现有小学的开放空间融合，为不同年龄学生交流和聚会创造了条件。我们对村庄现有建筑看似无规律的布局进行了梳理，使整个场地的空间分配都变得更加合理。
Considering the layout of the existing primary school, wechose to arrange the kindergarten on the north side of the site, leaving asmuch space on the south side of the site as possible to extend the view of theexisting primary school courtyard. It not only provides a small entrance squareand activity venue for the kindergarten, but also integrates with the openspace of the existing primary school, creating conditions for communication andgatherings of students of different ages. We arrange the seemingly irregularlayout of the existing buildings in the village to make the space distributionof the entire site more reasonable.
位于建筑正中心的拔风筒除了能够排出房屋多余的热量以外，亦具有供学生们娱乐的趣味性功能。我们在拔风筒的外缘设置了儿童攀岩和滑梯，拔风筒内学生可以在小水池里嬉戏，高低不一的楼梯和筒洞也给学生平时的娱乐生活增添了乐趣。除此之外，幼儿园内三个房间的之间的动线形成了一个环形，学生课间休息时在课室间奔跑也是一种乐趣。
In addition to exhuasting the excess heat from the house,the air duct located in the center of the building also has entertainmentfunction for students to play. We set up a children's rock climbing and slideson the outer edge of the cylinder. Students in the cylinder can play in thesmall pool. The stairs and holes of different heights also add fun to thestudents' usual entertainment life. In addition, the movement between the threerooms in the kindergarten form a ring shape, and it is also a pleasure forstudents to run between the classrooms during breaks.
© 游戏筒功能分析 Game cylinder function analyze
© 幼儿园内部动线分析 Circulation analyze
在蒂梅阿布全年高温多雨的气候环境下，四周向中心倾斜的大屋顶同时兼具了挡雨和协助雨水收集的功能。雨水顺着屋顶流入室内的小水池，水池底部设置了储水箱为日后提供生活用水。当天气晴朗时小水池就成为了学生取水与嬉戏的地方，同时也满足了使用雨水收集系统生成一个洗手台的设计需求。
In Timeabu's year-round high temperature and rainy climate,a large roof sloping to the center from all around at the same time has the functionsof preventing rain and assisting rainwater collection. Rainwater flows into asmall indoor pool along the roof, and a water storage tank is installed at thebottom of the pool to provide domestic water in the future. When the weather isclear, the small pool becomes a place for students to get water or play, and italso satisfies the design requirements of using a rainwater collection systemto generate a sink.
© 通风分析 Ventilation analyze
© 雨水收集 Rainwater collection
为了减少运输和采购的成本，所有的建筑材料都源自于本土。幼儿园的房间由生土筑成，厚实土墙的隔热性能够有效地改善房间的舒适性。库马西一带属于西非林地，容易获取的竹子成为了当地重要的建筑材料之一。我们运用简单的竹子编织技术建成幼儿园内小房间的屋顶，通过弯曲和捆扎的方式建成房屋的结构框架。最后我们采用铝板作为大屋顶的材料以实现房子的耐用性，达到更好的防风性，并有效的抵挡热量进入屋内，维持室内的舒适环境。此外，幼儿园的施工方式都是以工匠和村民辅助为主，无重型器械的使用。本土取材和村民自己动手建造的方式大大降低了幼儿园的施工难度。
In order to reduce the cost of transportation andprocurement, all construction materials are sourced locally. The room of thekindergarten is made of raw earth, and the heat insulation of the thick earthwall can effectively improve the comfort of the room. The Kumasi area belongsto West African forest land, and it is easily accessible bamboo has become oneof the important local building materials. We use simple bamboo weavingtechnology to build the roof of the small room in the kindergarten, and buildthe structural frame of the house by bending and binding. Finally, we usealuminum panels as the material of the large roof to achieve the durability ofthe house, achieve better wind resistance, and effectively resist the heat fromentering the house to maintain a comfortable indoor environment. In addition,the construction methods of the kindergarten are mainly assisted by craftsmenand villagers, and no heavy equipment is used. Local materials and villagers’self-built construction method can greatly reduced the difficulty ofconstruction of the kindergarten.
© 材料分析 Material analyze
© 平面图 Plan
© 南立面图 South elevation
© 西立面图 West elevation